In Memory of Jean Le Bitoux
April 21, 2010
THIS SITE IS UNDER CONSTRUCTION THIS SITE IS
UNDER CONSTRUCTION
History of deportation ousted
These pages are devoted to a subject until very recently rejected the books of history, collective memory and the official iconography of the concentration camp, that of the Nazi persecution of hundreds of thousands of individuals and the killing of tens of thousands of them because of their sexual orientation alone.
gangrene social
In Nazi Germany, March 8, 1933, the first concentration camps were opened. Berlin, which was considered the homosexual capital of freedom, becomes the scene of active repression, clubs, meeting places, cafes and gay bars are closed, and the men who frequented them were arrested, incarcerated or deported. Les nazis ont entrepris de purifier l'Allemagne de ce qu'ils considèrent comme une gangrène sociale.
Les homosexuels arrêtés pour infraction au paragraphe 175 du Code pénal allemand qui réprime les relations " contre nature " entre hommes sont soit incarcérés soit transférés vers des camps de concentration. Bon nombre d'entre eux sont placés en détention au terme d'une décision administrative et non judiciaire. Plus tard, une fois le régime installé, certains homosexuels découverts au sein de l'armée, de l'administration ou autres corps d'élite nazis seront exécutés sans autre forme de procès.
L'objectif des nazis is not, as in the case of other minorities, to exterminate homosexuals. It is fundamentally changing through blackmail, coercion and force if necessary to antisocial behavior and can not procreate, because intrinsically corrupt, pervert the youth of the Reich from its mission "historic" war and the conquest of Lebensraum in the East.
To achieve this, science itself is a contribution. Many experiments "medical", including castrations by X-ray exposure, implantations of synthetic glands, will be performed on homosexual deportees in order to bring them back to normality. In 1939, Reichsführer SS Heinrich Himmler, chief architect of the hunt "invert", authorizes the camp commanders to perform castration on sex offenders. Many will die from these interventions.
pink triangles in Nazi camps, deported homosexuals should wear a pink triangle, tip pointing downwards, which identifies them as such. The hierarchy of the concentration camp site at the bottom of the social scale of the camps, which does not allow them to maintain supportive relationships with other prisoners and improve their chances survival. All designated as scapegoats already ostracized by society, not prison, homosexuals, like Gypsies, compelled to work the hardest and most degrading. In fact, statistically, the mortality rate of these deportees is among the highest in the camps.
At the end of 1944, the first camps were liberated by the Allies. The extreme confusion that reigns in Europe and around the amalgam concentration phenomenon foreshadow the difficulties that homosexuals will face deportation to admit their status as victims Nazism. For many of them, indeed, the return to freedom comes from self-censorship justified by hostile legislation still in force (sometimes inherited from the totalitarian regimes just dead, as in France) and social difficulties, family or professional to disclose the real reason for their deportation.
a question "that does not exist"
After the war, the vast majority of homosexual deportees disappeared into anonymity. The lack of official recognition of this specific deportation, the absence until the seventies of gay activism constituted, the silence of the intellectuals and the lack of interest of researchers and historians for " a question that does not exist " have long obscured a reality that has gradually faded in the collective memory.
In France, in 1982, Pierre Seel, once again confronted with homophobia institutions, decided to "break the silence" and to witness the painful experience of homosexual deported. Thirty years after the fact, under the pseudonym Heinz Heger, an Austrian, had described him as "the other side of the legend of the camps" in a book that challenged the traditional view of deportation.
few months earlier, " Bent," a play written by Martin Sherman, Jewish and homosexual, was addressed for the first time on the London theater scene of the tortures inflicted on these two minorities. Played on Broadway and in Paris, the piece shows a reality far departed from the official iconography camps deported.
So what memories do you maintain today?
The deportees they all are based in the same crucible of suffering and persecution? Are they all equally victims of barbarism or even, as highlighted in a philosopher, " still there between the different categories of detainees something of the totalitarian structure of what the Nazi concentration camps? .
For years, gay men who wanted to honor their elders died in exile have been kept away from official events. On several occasions, their jets were even trampled by delegations of former deportees. Even today, during commemorations of the National Day of Remembrance, homosexual associations must, in the best case and with few exceptions, simply d'un mince strapontin. Leurs dépôts de gerbe sont le plus souvent dissociés de la cérémonie principale. A Paris, cette cérémonie "subalterne" n'est autorisée qu'après le départ des invités officiels, des représentants des autorités et de la Garde républicaine...
Une déportation ignominieuse
De nombreuses associations militent aujourd'hui dans le monde pour que les mêmes raisons homophobes n'emportent pas à tout jamais le témoignage des oubliés de l'Histoire que sont les déportés homosexuels. Parallèlement, des chercheurs, des historiens ont exhumé des archives et des documents, et avancé des chiffres. According to the United States Holocaust Memorial in Washington, the total number of gay men arrested between 1933 and 1945 is between ninety thousand and one hundred thousand. Ten to fifteen thousand of them perished in the Nazi concentration camp and prison life. These figures, of course, are only estimates.
The homosexual deportees who have returned from camps, meanwhile, remained silent. Should we consider worthy of remembrance and respect for the deportation of some and disgrace as the deportation of others?
The silence surrounding the deportation of homosexuals, like Gypsies, Freemasons, mentally ill, the disabled, Jehovah's Witnesses may suggest tacit approval, and this will remain as disagreeable impression persists that selective dimming of memory that continues to impose official indifference.
Today, work on the deportation of homosexuals should not be used to develop an accounting listing deported by category, to prioritize victims according to their number or their specificity. The work of memory must be collective, open, indivisible.
At the dawn of a millennium that is reborn nationalist passions, speeches exclusion, homophobic acts and appeals to intolerance, it is necessary to recall what has been, that leave no gray area where prospective businesses sprout evil from our blindness.
The authors of the site in March 1999
These pages are devoted to a subject until very recently rejected the books of history, collective memory and the official iconography of the concentration camp, that of the Nazi persecution of hundreds of thousands of individuals and the killing of tens of thousands of them because of their sexual orientation alone.
gangrene social
In Nazi Germany, March 8, 1933, the first concentration camps were opened. Berlin, which was considered the homosexual capital of freedom, becomes the scene of active repression, clubs, meeting places, cafes and gay bars are closed, and the men who frequented them were arrested, incarcerated or deported. Les nazis ont entrepris de purifier l'Allemagne de ce qu'ils considèrent comme une gangrène sociale.
Les homosexuels arrêtés pour infraction au paragraphe 175 du Code pénal allemand qui réprime les relations " contre nature " entre hommes sont soit incarcérés soit transférés vers des camps de concentration. Bon nombre d'entre eux sont placés en détention au terme d'une décision administrative et non judiciaire. Plus tard, une fois le régime installé, certains homosexuels découverts au sein de l'armée, de l'administration ou autres corps d'élite nazis seront exécutés sans autre forme de procès.
L'objectif des nazis is not, as in the case of other minorities, to exterminate homosexuals. It is fundamentally changing through blackmail, coercion and force if necessary to antisocial behavior and can not procreate, because intrinsically corrupt, pervert the youth of the Reich from its mission "historic" war and the conquest of Lebensraum in the East.
To achieve this, science itself is a contribution. Many experiments "medical", including castrations by X-ray exposure, implantations of synthetic glands, will be performed on homosexual deportees in order to bring them back to normality. In 1939, Reichsführer SS Heinrich Himmler, chief architect of the hunt "invert", authorizes the camp commanders to perform castration on sex offenders. Many will die from these interventions.
pink triangles in Nazi camps, deported homosexuals should wear a pink triangle, tip pointing downwards, which identifies them as such. The hierarchy of the concentration camp site at the bottom of the social scale of the camps, which does not allow them to maintain supportive relationships with other prisoners and improve their chances survival. All designated as scapegoats already ostracized by society, not prison, homosexuals, like Gypsies, compelled to work the hardest and most degrading. In fact, statistically, the mortality rate of these deportees is among the highest in the camps.
At the end of 1944, the first camps were liberated by the Allies. The extreme confusion that reigns in Europe and around the amalgam concentration phenomenon foreshadow the difficulties that homosexuals will face deportation to admit their status as victims Nazism. For many of them, indeed, the return to freedom comes from self-censorship justified by hostile legislation still in force (sometimes inherited from the totalitarian regimes just dead, as in France) and social difficulties, family or professional to disclose the real reason for their deportation.
a question "that does not exist"
After the war, the vast majority of homosexual deportees disappeared into anonymity. The lack of official recognition of this specific deportation, the absence until the seventies of gay activism constituted, the silence of the intellectuals and the lack of interest of researchers and historians for " a question that does not exist " have long obscured a reality that has gradually faded in the collective memory.
In France, in 1982, Pierre Seel, once again confronted with homophobia institutions, decided to "break the silence" and to witness the painful experience of homosexual deported. Thirty years after the fact, under the pseudonym Heinz Heger, an Austrian, had described him as "the other side of the legend of the camps" in a book that challenged the traditional view of deportation.
few months earlier, " Bent," a play written by Martin Sherman, Jewish and homosexual, was addressed for the first time on the London theater scene of the tortures inflicted on these two minorities. Played on Broadway and in Paris, the piece shows a reality far departed from the official iconography camps deported.
So what memories do you maintain today?
The deportees they all are based in the same crucible of suffering and persecution? Are they all equally victims of barbarism or even, as highlighted in a philosopher, " still there between the different categories of detainees something of the totalitarian structure of what the Nazi concentration camps? .
For years, gay men who wanted to honor their elders died in exile have been kept away from official events. On several occasions, their jets were even trampled by delegations of former deportees. Even today, during commemorations of the National Day of Remembrance, homosexual associations must, in the best case and with few exceptions, simply d'un mince strapontin. Leurs dépôts de gerbe sont le plus souvent dissociés de la cérémonie principale. A Paris, cette cérémonie "subalterne" n'est autorisée qu'après le départ des invités officiels, des représentants des autorités et de la Garde républicaine...
Une déportation ignominieuse
De nombreuses associations militent aujourd'hui dans le monde pour que les mêmes raisons homophobes n'emportent pas à tout jamais le témoignage des oubliés de l'Histoire que sont les déportés homosexuels. Parallèlement, des chercheurs, des historiens ont exhumé des archives et des documents, et avancé des chiffres. According to the United States Holocaust Memorial in Washington, the total number of gay men arrested between 1933 and 1945 is between ninety thousand and one hundred thousand. Ten to fifteen thousand of them perished in the Nazi concentration camp and prison life. These figures, of course, are only estimates.
The homosexual deportees who have returned from camps, meanwhile, remained silent. Should we consider worthy of remembrance and respect for the deportation of some and disgrace as the deportation of others?
The silence surrounding the deportation of homosexuals, like Gypsies, Freemasons, mentally ill, the disabled, Jehovah's Witnesses may suggest tacit approval, and this will remain as disagreeable impression persists that selective dimming of memory that continues to impose official indifference.
Today, work on the deportation of homosexuals should not be used to develop an accounting listing deported by category, to prioritize victims according to their number or their specificity. The work of memory must be collective, open, indivisible.
At the dawn of a millennium that is reborn nationalist passions, speeches exclusion, homophobic acts and appeals to intolerance, it is necessary to recall what has been, that leave no gray area where prospective businesses sprout evil from our blindness.
The authors of the site in March 1999
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